Showing posts with label General. Show all posts
Showing posts with label General. Show all posts

Limitations Of Statistics

Education , General
Major limitations or drawbacks of statistics can be highlighted as follows:

1. No Study Of Individual Items

One of the main disadvantages of statistics is that it does not deal with single or isolated items. It deals with the measurement of groups or masses only. So, data and information of single item cannot be obtained.

2. Not Applicable For Qualitative Phenomenon

Statistics is applicable only for quantitative data (data of those items which can be measures in numbers) such as income, expenses, wages, height etc. Qualitative phenomenon(which cannot be measured in numbers) such as blindness, efficiency, honesty etc. are completely ignored.

3. Applicable Only For Homogeneous Data

Statistics is applicable for homogeneous data only. It cannot study heterogeneous data. So, data of similar nature is required to apply statistical methods.

4. No 100% Accuracy

100 % accurate result cannot be obtained from statistical methods.

5. Not Universally True

Statistical facts are totally based on the averages. So, its laws are not universally true.
limitations of statistics

6. Requires Special Knowledge

It requires special knowledge to apply statistical laws. Simple knowledge of mathematics or economics is not sufficient to work with statistical data.

7. Possibility Of Mislead

Sometimes, result obtained from statistics may be misleading because of improper collection and interpretation of data.
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Air Transport

Business , General
Air transport is the most safe, quick and comfortable system of carrying people and materials from one place to another. Main advantages and disadvantages of air transport can be described as follows:

Advantages Or Benefits Of Air Transport

1. Highest Speed

It is fastest among all the means of transportation (i.e. road, water and railway transport). So, people and goods can be transported more quickly in less time.

2. Suitability

Air transport is suitable to carry perishable goods (such as fruits, vegetables, fish etc), valuable goods, medicines and emergency items.

3. No Barriers

Air transport can be operated without any physical barriers such as mountains, hills, forest, rivers etc.

4. Suitable For Long Distance

It is useful for long distance travel because it is convenience, comfortable and safe means of transport.


Disadvantages Or Drawbacks Of Air Transport

1. Costly Mode Of Transport

It is costlier than other forms of transport. It is beyond the reach of common people because of high fare. 

2. Risky

Air transport is very risky means of transport because of high chances of accidents.
advantages disadvantages air transportation
3. Limited Capacity

It is not suitable to carry bulky and cheaper materials because of its small carrying capacity.

4. Unreliable

Air transport is highly affected by climatic condition. So, there is no regularity and certainty in this means of transport.

       Also Read: 

5. Huge Investment

It requires large amount of capital for construction, maintenance and operation of air transportation.
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Water Transport

Business , General
Water transport is an oldest means of carrying men and materials through sea, lake, rivers and canals. Main advantages and disadvantages of water transportation can be described as follows:

Merits Or Advantages Or Benefits Of Water Transport

1. Low Cost

Water transportation is cheaper than other means of transport (i.e. road, rail and air transport). It does not require infrastructure development costs and can be operated with low running cost.

2. Ideal For Heavy And Bulky Products

It is suitable to transport bulky goods and heavy cargo because of its largest carrying capacity.

3. Flexibility

It is more flexible than road and rail transport because it can be easily adjusted according to the requirements.
advantages disadvantages water transportation
4. Safety

Water Transport is safer than other forms of transport because of lower rate of accidents and breakdowns. 

5. No Disruption

There is very less chance of delay in water transport because of less traffic congestion.


Demerits/Disadvantages Or Drawbacks Of Water Transport

 Demerits or disadvantages of water transport can be highlighted as follows:

1. Slow Speed

Slow speed is the main drawback of water transport. It takes a long time to reach the destination.

       Also Read:

2. Unsuitable For Perishable Products

It is not suitable to carry perishable goods by this means of transport because of long lead time.

3. Uncertain

Water transport is highly affected by adverse weather condition. So, there is uncertainty and irregularity in this means of transport.

4. Not Suitable For Short Distance

AS it is the slowest means of transporting goods and people, therefore it is not suitable to carry small loads over short distance (in terms of cost and time).
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rail Transportation

Business , General
Railway is important and most widely used means of transportation to carry people and heavy materials. Main advantages and disadvantages of railway transport can be described as follows:

Merits Or Advantages Or Benefits Of Rail Transport

1. Safe And Reliable 

Rail transportation is least affected by adverse weather and there is lower chance of accidents and breakdown. So, it is safe and reliable mode of transport as compared to road transportation.

2. High Speed

Higher speed is another key benefit of railway transport. It ensures quick movement of passengers and goods because it is more faster than road and water transport.

3. Suitable For Bulky Items

Rail is suitable for transporting heavy and bulky items because of its large carrying capacity.

4. Cheaper Transport

Railway is economical than other forms of transportation. It is cheap and comfortable for carrying people and materials.
advantages disadvantages railway transport
5. Suitable For Long Distance

Railway transport is suitable for the movement of people and goods for long distance because of its cheapness and comfort. 

6. Regular Service

Railways follow strict time schedule and fixed route to provide transport facility. So, it provides regular service as compared to other means of transport.


Demerits/Disadvantages Or Drawbacks Of Railway Transport

1. Lacks Door To Door Service

Railway transport cannot provide door to door service because of fix routes and stations.

      Also Read:

2. Unsuitable For Short Distance

Railway is suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods to the long distance. It is uneconomical to transport small loads over short distances.

3. Huge Investment

Railways need huge amount of investment because of high construction, operating, maintenance and overhead costs. 

4. Lack Of Flexibility

Rail transport has fixed routes,stations and strict schedule. So, it is less flexible than other means of transport.
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Road Transportation

Business , General
Road transportation is most commonly used mean of transport for travelling and carrying people and goods from one place to another. Main advantages and disadvantages of road transport can be highlighted as follows:

Merits Or Advantages Or Benefits Of Road Transport

1. Small Investment

It requires less investment to operate road transportation. constructing the road needs low capital than laying the railway track. Automobiles (such as trucks, tempo, bus etc) can be purchased at low cost as compared to ships, trains and airplanes.

2. Door To Door Services

Water transport, railway transport and air transport cannot provide door to door service. It is possible only through road transportation. 

3. Flexibility

It is another notable advantage of road transportation. It is more flexible than other modes of transportation because there is no fix way and schedule and can be operated at any time through different routes.

4. Cheaper

It is a cheaper mean of transporting people and goods to short distance. 

5. Suitable For Perishable Goods

It is suitable for transporting perishable goods such as milk, fruits, vegetables, fish etc. safely from producers to final consumers.

6. Service In Rural Areas

It can provide transportation service in the rural areas where other forms of transport (rail, water and air transport) cannot be operated. 

Disadvantages Or Drawbacks Of Road Transportation

1. High Risk

Road transportation involves very high risk of accidents. So, it is not as safe as other modes of transportation.

2. Slow Speed

It is slower than other means of transportation.
advantages disadvantages road transport
3. Not Suitable For Long Distance

Road transportation is not appropriate for long distance travel because it is uncomfortable and costly.

     Also Read:

4, Not Suitable For Heavy Goods

It is not appropriate to carry bulky and heavy items through road transport.

5. Seasonal Nature

It is not reliable during rainy season because of flood and poor road conditions. 

6. Irregular

Road transportation lacks regularity because there is no fix route and schedule.
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