Benefits-Drawbacks

What Is Horizontal Communication ?Lateral or horizontal communication is a type of communication which is established between different departments, units or people in the organization with the same rank or hierarchical level. Messages and information are exchanged or transmitted among the people at the same level...

What Is Downward Communication ?It is just opposite of upward communication (where message flows from lower to top level of management). Downward communication is a type of communication process in which information, messages, orders and instructions are flow or transmitted vertically down from top management to...

What Is Upward Communication ? It is a type of communication in  which information or message flows vertically from lower level subordinates to upper level management. Upward communication encourages lower level employees to provide suggestions and ideas so the top management can make proper plan and sound decisions....

 What Is Decentralization ?Decentralization is a type of organization set up in which authority and power is delegated to the middle and lower level management. It is just opposite of centralization where decision making authority is reserved in the top management. In this structure departmental heads, branch...

 What Is Centralization ? Centralization is a traditional type of organization set up in which power and authority such as decision making, planning, policy making, supervision, direction, resource allocation etc. are exercised by the higher level management. It is commonly practiced by small organizations having...